We found the following complaints for FORD CROWN VICTORIA (2007)
Read complaints for FORD CROWN VICTORIA (2007)
Air bag light stays on. There besmoke coming from the steering wheel when driving sometime. And the air bag light sometimes flash on and off but now it's just on and not going off
Takata recall. .i wanted to know if my vehicle was one that needed steering column replace. My vin number is[xxx].information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u.s.c. 552(b)(6).
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. While making a right turn at approximately 20 mph, the passenger side of the vehicle t-boned by another vehicle, that ran a stop sign. The driver side air bag partially deployed. The contact sustained a fractured rib, bruised lungs, and contusions on the head. The passenger seated in the rear was fatally injured. A police report was filed. The vehicle was not repaired and the manufacturer was not notified. The vin was unavailable. The approximate failure mileage was 252,000.updated 8/28/14the consumer stated the air bag caught fire.updated 09/18/14
On7/30/18 i was exiting a park lot taking a right turn at approximately 5 to 10 mph as i attempted to steer straight my steering wheel became freewheeling as i was not able to correct its direction , i hit a curb . At this point i felt and heard a loud bang , which turned out to be the airbag deploying . I received several lacerations and contusions almond with a head injury /concussion . After i had vehicle towed to ford dealer ship did i become aware that there had bad a recall on the steering shaft and bearing failure .at no time did i ever receive any correspondence indicating a recall . I'm very confused as to how an air bag would deploy with out any contact with any object and at such a slow speed .
The contact owned a 2007 ford crown victoria. While driving approximately 15 mph and making a left turn, the steering wheel suddenly malfunctioned and continued to turn. The driver was unable to steer the vehicle and crashed into a curb, which caused the driver side air bag to deploy. The driver sustained head, face, neck, and back injuries along with arm burns that were caused by the air bag deployment. Medical treatment was required. A police report was not filed. The vehicle was destroyed and towed to the local dealer (jack byrne ford, 1003 hudson river rd., mechanicville, ny) where it was diagnosed that the lower steering shaft failed. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The failure mileage was 168,000.
Paint peeling on hood and top also, heater blend door not working.
While driving the vehicle at highway speeds (60-70mph) going uphill, while making a sharp turn left or while rocking the steering wheel to make the rear of the car sway slightly to the left, there is a surge and complete loss of power for 1/2 second. This causes a surge/jolt feeling in the vehicle like the vehicle transmission or engine has lost all power. If you try to sway the vehicle immediately a 2nd time nothing happens. If you wait several minutes and sway the rear end again there is again a heavy surge and loss of power. I also observed the tac-ometer show a loss of power for a brief moment.if you are going up hill at highway speeds and the vehicle sways to the right or you swerve the steering wheel to make the vehicle swerve to the right (body rock to the right) nothing will ever happen. It is only on left body rock while at highway speeds on an incline.there are no trouble codes. There is no indicator light or dash flash or buzzer. Nothing happens and nothing triggers a diagnostic code. All codes are clear.there are two bulletins posted on the nhtsa website. 1. Id# 10024695 & 2. Id# 10039053. When calling ford @ 800-392-3673 they are unable to provide any information or help regarding this matter or the bulletins mentioned. They advise there are no bulletins at all for my vehicle.this problem started when the vehicle was brand new. The dealership in california was unable to diagnose the problem because it was intermittent. Now at 54,000 miles the problem happens 8 or 10 times in a 30 mile trip. It is very troubling that the vehicle loses power and surges. It causes a panic in the passenger compartment when happening!
I came to normal stop at 4 way stop sign.started across road and vehicle to my left failed to yield right of way and i had to panic stop.as i hit brakes for panic stop, engine rpm went to max, pulling car forward while i was hard on brakes.i missed violator by only inches.as soon as i let off brakes, engine rpm returned to normal.ford dealer has previously concluded i hit gas instead of brakes.this is totally absurd in every instance of this event.had i hit the brakes in this latest incident, i would have totaled the car i was trying to avoid.i am reporting this incident (one of at least a half dozen previous incidents) because this was so close to an accident.in past incidents i have stopped "brake/increase rpm" by simply cutting off ignition.this reported incident happened so fast, i had no time to cut ignition, nor would this have been a good time to cut ignition.
This is the fourth event of increasing engine rpm when depressing brake to stop at a stop sign.as in two other events, no traffic was approaching so i had immediately went from a stop (noting increasing engine rpm) to removing foot from brake pedal to go to gas pedal to proceed on past stop resulting in the increasing engine rpm being a non-event in terms of engine racing out of control.not so with a third event in which i stopped at an automatic gate and had to stay stopped with engine rpm again increasing and continuously to increase to the point that i had to lock down on brake to keep from being pulled into the gate and was able to completely stop by cutting off the ignition.this third racing out of control was reported by confirmation number (odi) 10355856.this third event resulted in the vehicle manufacturer asking me to take car to local dealer where car was left for a day with result of 'no trouble found' and service advisor's opinion "you had foot on brake and gas at the same time".not so.i had specifically checked for this condition at time of attempted stop. This third event occurred 9/15/2010.
While driving the vehicle at highway speeds (60-70mph) going uphill, while making a sharp turn left or while rocking the steering wheel to make the rear of the car sway slightly to the left, there is a surge and complete loss of power for 1/2 second. This causes a surge/jolt feeling in the vehicle like the vehicle transmission or engine has lost all power. If you try to sway the vehicle immediately a 2nd time nothing happens. If you wait several minutes and sway the rear end again there is again a heavy surge and loss of power. I also observed the tac-ometer show a loss of power for a brief moment.if you are going up hill at highway speeds and the vehicle sways to the right or you swerve the steering wheel to make the vehicle swerve to the right (body rock to the right) nothing will ever happen. It is only on left body rock while at highway speeds on an incline.there are no trouble codes. There is no indicator light or dash flash or buzzer. Nothing happens and nothing triggers a diagnostic code. All codes are clear.there are two bulletins posted on the nhtsa website. 1. Id# 10024695 & 2. Id# 10039053. When calling ford @ 800-392-3673 they are unable to provide any information or help regarding this matter or the bulletins mentioned. They advise there are no bulletins at all for my vehicle.this problem started when the vehicle was brand new. The dealership in california was unable to diagnose the problem because it was intermittent. Now at 54,000 miles the problem happens 8 or 10 times in a 30 mile trip. It is very troubling that the vehicle loses power and surges. It causes a panic in the passenger compartment when happening!
The operator of the vehicleapplied the brake and stopped the vehicle, however, it started to accelerate on its own and move forward. The engine continued to rev and the vehicle continued to move forward to the point that the operator had to place two feet on the brake.there have been several other complaints of this nature regarding crown victorias.this vehicle is a 2007 ford crown victoria police vehicle.
Leaking intake manifold at the coolant crossover (thermostat housing).aluminum crossover becomes separated from the plastic intake manifold which will cause overheating and severe engine damage at all speeds.the entire intake manifold will have to be replaced if this condition occurs.
The heat shield covering the left side engine exhaust manifold had corroded around the attaching bolts allowing the shield to fall against the steering shaft. I removed the shield before it could interfere with the steering function.
The operator of the vehicle applied the brake to stop at traffic light engine started to rev and accelerate on its own and move forward.
This is another of an on going acceleration issue when depressing the foot brake.in this instance i had just backed out of a parking space in a shopping center and drove maybe 200' and had just about rolled to a stop sign for ga highway 212 and very slightly depressed the brake pedal to come to a complete stop.as soon as i started pressing the brake pedal, the engine picked up rpm and i immediately moved foot from brake pedal.end of acceleration.by this time vehicle had already rolled to a complete stop.i did not, as ford seems to think, have my foot on both the gas and brake.the very light pressure i had applied would have my foot three to four inches away from the top of the gas pedal.yes, i had my foot on the brake.i had to remove my foot from the gas to get to the brake.this is a vehicle malfunction.not operator error.i am unable to determine a failed component.....fuel?brake? electrical?i don't have a clue.
Intake manifold is subject to extremely high temperatures. Ford's current design includes a plastic intake manifold that is susceptible to warping and may cause engine failure if coolant looses pressure due to leak.
My headlights won't shut off. I have to disconnect the battery. I know that they have had recalls for the lighting control module in the past and that's the problem with my car. The light switch, works the way it should.
Ford crown vic police interceptor,2007:on two previous occasions, upon depressing brake pedal at stop sign, engine would seem to begin to race; however, after stop i would immediately let off brake to go on through stop sign and engine was normal on acceleration.to-day as i left my parking space i approached an automatic gate to pass through and depressed brake pedal to wait for gate to open and engine began to race to the point that i was unable to hold vehicle back and turned off ignition to avoid hitting gate.a large amount of black smoke resulted from racing engine.after engine shut-down, i shifted to park, started engine and had normal idle.i depressed brake to shift into drive and proceeded through gate in normal manner.the only common system that i am aware of (other than possible electrical/computer) to the fuel control is the vacuum system associated with the brake vacuum booster and whatever vacuum may affect the fuel feed.the foot pedal was definitely in an idle position.i am certain that this engine racing problem is initiated by my applying brakes.
This is the fourth event of increasing engine rpm when depressing brake to stop at a stop sign.as in two other events, no traffic was approaching so i had immediately went from a stop (noting increasing engine rpm) to removing foot from brake pedal to go to gas pedal to proceed on past stop resulting in the increasing engine rpm being a non-event in terms of engine racing out of control.not so with a third event in which i stopped at an automatic gate and had to stay stopped with engine rpm again increasing and continuously to increase to the point that i had to lock down on brake to keep from being pulled into the gate and was able to completely stop by cutting off the ignition.this third racing out of control was reported by confirmation number (odi) 10355856.this third event resulted in the vehicle manufacturer asking me to take car to local dealer where car was left for a day with result of 'no trouble found' and service advisor's opinion "you had foot on brake and gas at the same time".not so.i had specifically checked for this condition at time of attempted stop. This third event occurred 9/15/2010.
While driving the vehicle at highway speeds (60-70mph) going uphill, while making a sharp turn left or while rocking the steering wheel to make the rear of the car sway slightly to the left, there is a surge and complete loss of power for 1/2 second. This causes a surge/jolt feeling in the vehicle like the vehicle transmission or engine has lost all power. If you try to sway the vehicle immediately a 2nd time nothing happens. If you wait several minutes and sway the rear end again there is again a heavy surge and loss of power. I also observed the tac-ometer show a loss of power for a brief moment.if you are going up hill at highway speeds and the vehicle sways to the right or you swerve the steering wheel to make the vehicle swerve to the right (body rock to the right) nothing will ever happen. It is only on left body rock while at highway speeds on an incline.there are no trouble codes. There is no indicator light or dash flash or buzzer. Nothing happens and nothing triggers a diagnostic code. All codes are clear.there are two bulletins posted on the nhtsa website. 1. Id# 10024695 & 2. Id# 10039053. When calling ford @ 800-392-3673 they are unable to provide any information or help regarding this matter or the bulletins mentioned. They advise there are no bulletins at all for my vehicle.this problem started when the vehicle was brand new. The dealership in california was unable to diagnose the problem because it was intermittent. Now at 54,000 miles the problem happens 8 or 10 times in a 30 mile trip. It is very troubling that the vehicle loses power and surges. It causes a panic in the passenger compartment when happening!
Does the ford crown vic have recall or power train light
Abs brakes/brake fluid.when i apply my brakes on a hill, steep slope, and especially while turning the steering wheel, the brakes will start to make a mechanical noise and will almost start to loose the brakes, causing the pedal to slip closer to the floor.the steering is also very loos and feels like there s an extreme play in the wheel or a missing pin of some sort
I drive a ford "program car" - a used 2007 crown victoria (a former rental vehicle). On the day of my accident - after pulling onto a busy street from a parking lot - i almost immediately applied my brakes because i was coming up to a red light where several cars had already come to a stop ahead of me. At first my car slowed normally but, as i applied the brakes to come to a complete stop, the engine began to rev' up. I tried tapping the brake to see if this would help to disengage the throttle's revving. It didn't help. I kept trying this. I had little time to come to a stop before hitting the car in front of me so i really "stood" on the brakes. Unfortunately, i hit the back bumper of the car in front of me. Luckily, there was no visible damage to either car and no one was hurt. This same situation happened to me about 2-3 weeks before this accident occurred but that occurrence didn't result in an accident. I was able to tap the brake pedal and the revving seemed to instantly go away. I had a passenger with me at the time. I had the same thing happen with another similar car in the past - a mercury grand marquis. It happened more than once and no matter how often i went to the dealership to get help they kept telling me they could not "replicate" the complaint. I took my current crown victoria to the dealership one day after having this minor accident. The car was due for a service visit and i told them about the minor accident and asked them to see what they could find out. Again, i was told they could not replicate the complaint. I know i'm not the only person who has had this happen as a class action suit has been filed against ford in march in west virginia on behalf of owners in 14 states! apparently, this is not a one time thing with these vehicles.
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. The contact stated that while driving up an incline at approximately 30 mph, the brake and the abs lights illuminated. The contact also stated that the vehicle began to experience an increased stopping distance after the lights illuminated. The vehicle was taken to a local repair shop, who performed a diagnostic test that was unable to locate a failure code. The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The vehicle was not repaired. The failure mileage was 90,000 and the current mileage was 90,700.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
On 3/5/14, owner brought the vehicle, a 2007 ford crown victoria police, to an authorized ford dealer who completed factory recall 13s08 that called for replacing steering shaft assembly. On 11/30/14, when turning at approximately 10 mph, the steering became very stiff requiring excessive physical force to turn the wheel. A collision with a pole was barely avoided. Steering has remained stiff and sluggish despite checking power steering levels and tire pressure for proper inflation. Owner considers the vehicle to be unsafe to drive at this point.. The consumer stated ford issued another recall to address the improper repairs done under the first recall. However, he was informed his vehicle was not included. Updated 06/29/15.updated 12/22/2015
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. While driving over 50 mph, the steering wheel would violently vibrate. There were no warning indicators illuminated. The contact lost control and the vehicle struck a guardrail and rolled over twice. Both frontal air bags deployed. The contact received medical attention and suffered injuries to the ribs and right arm. A police report was filed. The vehicle was towed to the junk yard. Midway auto group (1223 old us hwy 17 s, elizabeth city, nc 27909) informed the contact to call the manufacturer. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure. The failure mileage was 154,000.
On7/30/18 i was exiting a park lot taking a right turn at approximately 5 to 10 mph as i attempted to steer straight my steering wheel became freewheeling as i was not able to correct its direction , i hit a curb . At this point i felt and heard a loud bang , which turned out to be the airbag deploying . I received several lacerations and contusions almond with a head injury /concussion . After i had vehicle towed to ford dealer ship did i become aware that there had bad a recall on the steering shaft and bearing failure .at no time did i ever receive any correspondence indicating a recall . I'm very confused as to how an air bag would deploy with out any contact with any object and at such a slow speed .
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. The contact stated that while driving at various speeds, the power steering malfunctioned and the steering wheel became hard to maneuver. The contact mentioned that the vehicle was repaired under recall nhtsa campaign id number: 13v385000 (steering). However, the failure recurred.the authorized dealer had not confirmed if the upper portion of the steering shaft needed to be inspected and repaired when the recall repair was performed. The vehicle was to be taken back to the authorized dealer for further inspection, diagnosis and repair. The manufacturer was notified of the failure and provided no remedy. The approximate failure mileage was 103,000.updated 10/02/14*ljupdated 3/3/2015
Loss of power steering during abrupt and normal turning.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
The contact owned a 2007 ford crown victoria. While driving approximately 15 mph and making a left turn, the steering wheel suddenly malfunctioned and continued to turn. The driver was unable to steer the vehicle and crashed into a curb, which caused the driver side air bag to deploy. The driver sustained head, face, neck, and back injuries along with arm burns that were caused by the air bag deployment. Medical treatment was required. A police report was not filed. The vehicle was destroyed and towed to the local dealer (jack byrne ford, 1003 hudson river rd., mechanicville, ny) where it was diagnosed that the lower steering shaft failed. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The failure mileage was 168,000.
Steering wheel became very hard to turn and would not bring itself back to straight position on its own. Also a clicking noise could be heard from the steering column when turning the steering wheel. Ford dealership found that the upper steering shaft had malfunctioned.
Tuesday sept. 11 stating that while coming to a stop she lost steering on her vehicle. She said that the steering wheel turned freely and the horn was stuck on.
Abs brakes/brake fluid.when i apply my brakes on a hill, steep slope, and especially while turning the steering wheel, the brakes will start to make a mechanical noise and will almost start to loose the brakes, causing the pedal to slip closer to the floor.the steering is also very loos and feels like there s an extreme play in the wheel or a missing pin of some sort
The steering shaft bushing became dislodged and fell out of position.
When making turns steering wheel would make clicking sounds.had mechanic check and he found that the inner shaft of the steering column had slipped down.updated 04/24/13
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Upper and lower steering shaft excessive wear and rust beyond the point that vehicle can not be safely driven. Sticky steering wheel feel all the way from full left to right turn, back and fourth.was fixed 2 years ago under recall by ford and the newly replaced part are corrupted over safe use again.
Steering effort is increasing. The steering column moves and clicks upon acceleration. Steering is increasing getting harder to control. Also have had the roof repainted by ford while under manufacture warranty due to paint peeling in large sheets of roof, now the front hood has large peeling paint leaving the green coating showing. Ford will not cover now as out of warranty.
Sterring began giving a clunking feeling in wheel when driving straight. More noticeable over bumps. Shop began inspection and found upper intermediate shaft had nearly separated from lower shaft. If shaft had indeed seperated, car would have been uncontrollable. Ford has open recall on the issue, vehicle was inspected for this issue about 2 years ago and said to have no issue at time, but the issue mentioned in the recall has infact occurred. Had to pay to find replacement steering column.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Steering loss control, intermediate shaft snapped
Takata recall. .i wanted to know if my vehicle was one that needed steering column replace. My vin number is[xxx].information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u.s.c. 552(b)(6).
This fleet, even though there were no complete separations of the steering shaft assembly,has experienced steering column issuesin which the green sleeve in the upper end of the column closest to the steering wheel has protruded indicating the upper portion of the steering column began to separate.updated 10/25/12*lj updated 10/26/2012
During deceleration of the ford cvpi, the vehicle's power steering fails. It makes the police unit very hard to control during routine police vehicle operations such as u-turns, sharp turns, or during any type of situation where the vehicle's speed is quickly slowed, and a turn is initiated.
Paint peeling on hood and top also, heater blend door not working.
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. The contact stated that the paint started chipping on the vehicle and the residue from the paint was affecting the visibility to view the road. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was notified of the failure. The failure mileage was 65,000.
Steering effort is increasing. The steering column moves and clicks upon acceleration. Steering is increasing getting harder to control. Also have had the roof repainted by ford while under manufacture warranty due to paint peeling in large sheets of roof, now the front hood has large peeling paint leaving the green coating showing. Ford will not cover now as out of warranty.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Inspection found dislocated bushing.
Takata recall. .i wanted to know if my vehicle was one that needed steering column replace. My vin number is[xxx].information redacted pursuant to the freedom of information act (foia), 5 u.s.c. 552(b)(6).
Ford crown vic police interceptor,2007:on two previous occasions, upon depressing brake pedal at stop sign, engine would seem to begin to race; however, after stop i would immediately let off brake to go on through stop sign and engine was normal on acceleration.to-day as i left my parking space i approached an automatic gate to pass through and depressed brake pedal to wait for gate to open and engine began to race to the point that i was unable to hold vehicle back and turned off ignition to avoid hitting gate.a large amount of black smoke resulted from racing engine.after engine shut-down, i shifted to park, started engine and had normal idle.i depressed brake to shift into drive and proceeded through gate in normal manner.the only common system that i am aware of (other than possible electrical/computer) to the fuel control is the vacuum system associated with the brake vacuum booster and whatever vacuum may affect the fuel feed.the foot pedal was definitely in an idle position.i am certain that this engine racing problem is initiated by my applying brakes.
The operator of the vehicleapplied the brake and stopped the vehicle, however, it started to accelerate on its own and move forward. The engine continued to rev and the vehicle continued to move forward to the point that the operator had to place two feet on the brake.there have been several other complaints of this nature regarding crown victorias.this vehicle is a 2007 ford crown victoria police vehicle.
The contact owns a 2007 ford crown victoria. The contact stated that while waiting at a traffic stop sign with the brakes applied, the vehicle lunged forward as the engine rpm's raced. The contact then shifted into neutral as the vehicle continued to lunge forward. The contact was able to move off the road, shut off and restart the vehicle. The vehicle was taken to an independent mechanic where they advised him that the throttle body and position sensor failed due to a build up of carbon. The vehicle was repaired by the replacement of the throttle bottle unit, sensor and a cleaning of the fuel system. The manufacturer was not contacted. The failure and current mileages were approximately 127,350.updated 6/11/13 the consumer also stated upon shifting into neutral and applying the brake, the vehicle stopped half-way through the traffic intersection. Also, while in neutral, the vehicle's rpm gauge reached over 3,000 rpm. The consumer shut the vehicle off and re-started it three times. On the 4th re-start, normal idle returned. Updated 06/12/13
I came to normal stop at 4 way stop sign.started across road and vehicle to my left failed to yield right of way and i had to panic stop.as i hit brakes for panic stop, engine rpm went to max, pulling car forward while i was hard on brakes.i missed violator by only inches.as soon as i let off brakes, engine rpm returned to normal.ford dealer has previously concluded i hit gas instead of brakes.this is totally absurd in every instance of this event.had i hit the brakes in this latest incident, i would have totaled the car i was trying to avoid.i am reporting this incident (one of at least a half dozen previous incidents) because this was so close to an accident.in past incidents i have stopped "brake/increase rpm" by simply cutting off ignition.this reported incident happened so fast, i had no time to cut ignition, nor would this have been a good time to cut ignition.
This is another of an on going acceleration issue when depressing the foot brake.in this instance i had just backed out of a parking space in a shopping center and drove maybe 200' and had just about rolled to a stop sign for ga highway 212 and very slightly depressed the brake pedal to come to a complete stop.as soon as i started pressing the brake pedal, the engine picked up rpm and i immediately moved foot from brake pedal.end of acceleration.by this time vehicle had already rolled to a complete stop.i did not, as ford seems to think, have my foot on both the gas and brake.the very light pressure i had applied would have my foot three to four inches away from the top of the gas pedal.yes, i had my foot on the brake.i had to remove my foot from the gas to get to the brake.this is a vehicle malfunction.not operator error.i am unable to determine a failed component.....fuel?brake? electrical?i don't have a clue.
I drive a ford "program car" - a used 2007 crown victoria (a former rental vehicle). On the day of my accident - after pulling onto a busy street from a parking lot - i almost immediately applied my brakes because i was coming up to a red light where several cars had already come to a stop ahead of me. At first my car slowed normally but, as i applied the brakes to come to a complete stop, the engine began to rev' up. I tried tapping the brake to see if this would help to disengage the throttle's revving. It didn't help. I kept trying this. I had little time to come to a stop before hitting the car in front of me so i really "stood" on the brakes. Unfortunately, i hit the back bumper of the car in front of me. Luckily, there was no visible damage to either car and no one was hurt. This same situation happened to me about 2-3 weeks before this accident occurred but that occurrence didn't result in an accident. I was able to tap the brake pedal and the revving seemed to instantly go away. I had a passenger with me at the time. I had the same thing happen with another similar car in the past - a mercury grand marquis. It happened more than once and no matter how often i went to the dealership to get help they kept telling me they could not "replicate" the complaint. I took my current crown victoria to the dealership one day after having this minor accident. The car was due for a service visit and i told them about the minor accident and asked them to see what they could find out. Again, i was told they could not replicate the complaint. I know i'm not the only person who has had this happen as a class action suit has been filed against ford in march in west virginia on behalf of owners in 14 states! apparently, this is not a one time thing with these vehicles.
The operator of the vehicle applied the brake to stop at traffic light engine started to rev and accelerate on its own and move forward.
Paint peeling on hood and top also, heater blend door not working.
Had to replace the climate control head and the temperature blend door actuator on a vehicle with only 39,600 miles.
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